Experiment No . 1 ( B.Sc. 3rd Semester Physics Project file )

 

Experiment No. 1  bsc.3^nd semester

1.  To study and verify the truth table of basic (AND , OR , NOT) logic gate .
Object

            To study and verify the truth table g basic logic gates ( NOT , AND , OR )

Apparatus Required

Prototyping board ( Bread board ) DC power supply connecting wires .

Theory  

            AND , OR and NOT are basic logic gates in electronic circuits because they are made up and no . and electronic devices . in pats and out puts & logic gates can occur only in two levels . these two levels are tern High and Low or truth and false or ON and OFF or simply 1 and o . we use ally express values into truth table . logic gates are mainly based on Boolean   funcation .

NOT  GATE

            A NOT gate is also known as inverter has only one input and only one output It is a device whose output is always the complement & its input when the input is 1 (one) the output is o and vice – versa .

With input variable A , the Boolean expression for output can be written as .

                                    Y = Ᾱ

AND GATE

            An AND gate has two  or more inputs but only one output when all the inputs are 1 the output I there gate is 1 AND gate is also called an all or nothing gate with input variables A and B the Boolean expression for output is .

                                    Y = A . B

OR Gate

            OR gate may have two or two or more inputs but only one output if at least one I the input is 1 the output will be 1 With input variables ‘A’ and ‘B’ the Boolean expression for output is

                                    Y = A + B

Observation

1.      Truth table for NOT Gate .

Input	Output
A	Y = Ᾱ
0	1
1	0

 

2.      Truth table for AND gate

Input			Output
A	B		Y = A . B
0	0		0
0	1		0
1	0		0
1	1		1

 

3.      Truth table for OR Gate .

Input		Output
A	B	Y = A .B
0	0	0
0	1	1
1	0	1
1	1	1

           

Result

            Truth table for NOT , AND , OR gate are  & tained .

Precautions

1.      All the contacts should be tight enough

2.      Since the components applied in the circuit are semi – conductor materials the applied voltage should not be high.

Note.

(Please note: if a particular experiment is not visible, please search for it using the search box—for example, Experiment No. 2. To study and verify the truth table of the combinational gates (NAND , NOR )

कृपया ध्यान दीजिये अगला  एक्सपेरिमेंट न दिख रहा हो वो आप सर्च बॉक्स में सर्च कर लीजिये . जैसे , एक्साप्रिमेंट नंबर.2 या फिर  To study and verify the truth table of the combinational gates (NAND , NOR )

Experiment No . 2 ( B.Sc. 3rd Semester Physics Project file )

Experiment No. 2  bsc.3rd semester

To study and verify the truth table of the combinational gate (NAND , NOR)

Object

            To study and verify the truth table  I the combination gate ( NAND and NOR gate )

Apparatus Required

                                    Trainer board , connecting ,wires IC 7402

Theory

            The NAND and NOR gates are combination gate .

            A combination circuit combines a series & logic gates . induding AND , OR and NOT gates .

One I the main application I combinational circuit is to perform something called Boolean Algebra .

NAND Gate

            NAND gate is combination I An AND gate and NOT gate output I AND gate is connected to the input I NOT gate the output I NAND gate is opposite to the AND gate this gates output is 1 only . I any one input is 1 ( Except I all the inputs are 1 ) Alternatively at least one input is low , the output is high .

NAND gate is equivalent to a bubbled AND gate with input variables A and B .the Boolean expression for output is .

Y = Ᾱ . B ( Bar)

NOR Gate

            NOR Gate is combination I OR and NOT gate . in other words  . output I OR gate is connected to the input I a NOT gate .

It any of the inputs is 1 . then the output is o in the gate when all inputs are low , the output is high .

Boolean expression for output is .

Y = A + B ( Bar )

Observation

1.      Truth table for NAND gate .

Input		Output
A	B		Y = A .B ( Bar )
0	0		1
0	1		1
1	0		1
1	1		0

 

2.      Truth table For NOR gate

Input		Output
A	B		Y = A .B ( Bar )
0	0		1
0	1		0
1	0		0
1	1		0

 

Result

            The truth table for NAND gate and NOR gate are verjied

Precautions

1.      Connections should be tight enough .

2.      Connection should be joined correctly .

3.      Power supply should not exceeds than 5 volt .

4.      Components should be tested before than performing the practical .

Note.

(Please note: if a particular experiment is not visible, please search for it using the search box—for example, Experiment No. 3. (To study and verify the truth table of x - OR , x - NOR gate . )

कृपया ध्यान दीजिये अगला  एक्सपेरिमेंट न दिख रहा हो वो आप सर्च बॉक्स में सर्च कर लीजिये . जैसे , एक्साप्रिमेंट नंबर.2 या फिर  {To study and verify the truth table of the combinational gates (NAND , NOR )}

Experiment No . 3 ( B.Sc. 3rd Semester Physics Project file )

 Experiment No. 3  bsc.3^nd semester

(To study and verify the truth table of x - OR , x - NOR gate . )

Object

            To study and verify the truth table I XOR gate and NOR gate .

Apparatus Required

                        Bread board connecting wires DC power supply . logic gate .

Theory

            Logic gate are electronic circuits which performs logic funcations or are one or more inputs to produce one output the input / output combination I gates is called truth table .

Exclusive OR Gate

                        XOR gate is a logic gate the gives a truth output . when the number I true OR from mathematical logic … that is a true output results if one and any one I the inputs to the gate is true if both inputs are false or both are true a false output results . An XOR gate is obtained by using OR , AND one Output .

The Boolean expression for the XOR gate is .

Y = A . B Bar + Ᾱ . B

Exclusive NOR Gate

                        X NOR is  digital logic gate that outputs true (1) , when an even number I true inputs are present . it produces a true output if both I it inputs are the same ( either both true or both false . )

This gate also has two inputs and one output it is a combination I XOR gate followed by an inverter Boolean expression for X NOR gate is .

Y = A .B + Ᾱ . B Bar

Observation

1.      The truth table for XOR gate

Input		Output
A	B		Y = A + B
0	0		0
0	1		1
1	0		1
1	1		0

 

2.      The truth table for XOR gate

Input		Output
A	B		Y = A .B ( Bar )
0	0		1
0	1		0
1	0		0
1	1		1

 

Result

The truth table I both the gates ( XOR and XNOR ) have been respectively .

Precautions

1.      The apparatus should work properly .

2.      The wire should be checked before use .

3.      All conditions should be clear and handle it carefully.

Note.

(Please note: if a particular experiment is not visible, please search for it using the search box—for example, Experiment No. 4. (To verify NAND gate as universal gate .

कृपया ध्यान दीजिये अगला  एक्सपेरिमेंट न दिख रहा हो वो आप सर्च बॉक्स में सर्च कर लीजिये . जैसे , एक्साप्रिमेंट नंबर.4 या फिर  To verify NAND gate as universal gate .